The store will not work correctly when cookies are disabled.
Menu
  •  
  • Call:+44 (0) 1235 828 200
  • orContact Us
  • Call:+44 (0) 1235 828 200
  • orContact Us
  • Call:+41 (0) 91 604 55 22
  • orContact Us
  • Call:+49 (0) 69 779099
  • orContact Us
  • Call:+31 (0) 72 8080244
  • orContact Us
  • Call:+1 (617) 945 5033
  • orContact Us
AMSBIO_RGB_Colour_logoAMSBIO_RGB_Colour_logoAMSBIO_RGB_Colour_logoAMSBIO_RGB_Colour_logo
  • My Account
    • log in
    • create account
  • My Cart
    My Cart1
Menu
  • Products
    • Close
    • Antibodies
      • Close
        • Monoclonal
          • Close
          • Affordable & consistent controls from 50 tumor cell lines, ideal for IHC, in situ hybridization & NGS applications.
            Learn More
        • Polyclonal
          • Close
          • Affordable & consistent controls from 50 tumor cell lines, ideal for IHC, in situ hybridization & NGS applications.
            Learn More
        • Secondary Antibodies
          • Close
          • Affordable & consistent controls from 50 tumor cell lines, ideal for IHC, in situ hybridization & NGS applications.
            Learn More
    • Biorepository
      • Close
        • Biofluids
          • Close
          • Image
            We are a global provider of human and animal biospecimens: including frozen & FFPE tissue, DNA, RNA, total proteins, blood products and primary cells.
            Learn More
        • DNA
          • Close
          • We are a global provider of human and animal biospecimens: including frozen & FFPE tissue, DNA, RNA, total proteins, blood products and primary cells.
            Learn More
        • FFPE Cell Line Controls
          • Close
          • Image
            We are a global provider of human and animal biospecimens: including frozen & FFPE tissue, DNA, RNA, total proteins, blood products and primary cells.
            Learn More
        • Primary Cells
          • Close
          • Image
            We are a global provider of human and animal biospecimens: including frozen & FFPE tissue, DNA, RNA, total proteins, blood products and primary cells.
            Learn More
        • Proteins
          • Close
          • Image
            We are a global provider of human and animal biospecimens: including frozen & FFPE tissue, DNA, RNA, total proteins, blood products and primary cells.
            Learn More
        • RNA
          • Close
          • We are a global provider of human and animal biospecimens: including frozen & FFPE tissue, DNA, RNA, total proteins, blood products and primary cells.
            Learn More
        • Tissues
          • Close
          • We are a global provider of human and animal biospecimens: including frozen & FFPE tissue, DNA, RNA, total proteins, blood products and primary cells.
            Learn More
        • FDA Tissue Arrays –
    • Bioseparation & Electrophoresis
      • Close
        • Bioseparation Reagents
          • Close
          • Image
            We supply a range of superior magnetic products each uniquely suited to specific protein purification, proteomics and genomics applications.
            Learn More
        • Chromatography Media
          • Close
          • Image
            We supply a range of superior magnetic products each uniquely suited to specific protein purification, proteomics and genomics applications.
            Learn More
        • Electrophoresis Equipment
          • Close
          • Image
            We supply a range of superior magnetic products each uniquely suited to specific protein purification, proteomics and genomics applications.
            Learn More
        • Magnetic Beads
          • Close
          • Image
            We supply a range of superior magnetic products each uniquely suited to specific protein purification, proteomics and genomics applications.
            Learn More
        • Pre-cast Gels
          • Close
          • Image
            We supply a range of superior magnetic products each uniquely suited to specific protein purification, proteomics and genomics applications.
            Learn More
    • Cells & Cell Culture
      • Close
        • 3D Cell Culture & Extracellular Matrices
          • Close
          • Image
            The CELLBANKER® series of cryopreservation media allows for the stable long-term storage of any cell type, including sensitive cell lines.
            Learn More
        • Cell Culture Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            The CELLBANKER® series of cryopreservation media allows for the stable long-term storage of any cell type, including sensitive cell lines.
            Learn More
        • Cell Lines
          • Close
          • Image
            The CELLBANKER® series of cryopreservation media allows for the stable long-term storage of any cell type, including sensitive cell lines.
            Learn More
        • Cell Line Lysates
          • Close
          • Image
            The CELLBANKER® series of cryopreservation media allows for the stable long-term storage of any cell type, including sensitive cell lines.
            Learn More
        • FFPE Cell Line Controls
          • Close
          • Image
            The CELLBANKER® series of cryopreservation media allows for the stable long-term storage of any cell type, including sensitive cell lines.
            Learn More
        • Media and Reagents
          • Close
          • Image
            The CELLBANKER® series of cryopreservation media allows for the stable long-term storage of any cell type, including sensitive cell lines.
            Learn More
        • Primary Cells
          • Close
          • Image
            The CELLBANKER® series of cryopreservation media allows for the stable long-term storage of any cell type, including sensitive cell lines.
            Learn More
        • Stem Cells
          • Close
          • Image
            The CELLBANKER® series of cryopreservation media allows for the stable long-term storage of any cell type, including sensitive cell lines.
            Learn More
        • Transfection Reagents
          • Close
          • Image
            The CELLBANKER® series of cryopreservation media allows for the stable long-term storage of any cell type, including sensitive cell lines.
            Learn More
        • Viral Delivery
          • Close
          • Image
            The CELLBANKER® series of cryopreservation media allows for the stable long-term storage of any cell type, including sensitive cell lines.
            Learn More
    • Kits & Assays
      • Close
        • Apoptosis Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • Cell Culture Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • Oris™ Cell Migration Assays –
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • Oris™ Cell Invasion Assays –
        • Cell Proliferation and Viability Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • Conjugation Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • ELISA Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • Enzyme Activity Assays
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • Exosome Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • Metabolism Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • Other Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • Protein Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
        • Stem Cell Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            AMSBIO offers one of the largest selection of active recombinant enzymes and enzyme activity assays for profiling, inhibitor screening assays, and drug discovery.
            Learn More
    • Molecular Biology
      • Close
        • cDNA Clones
          • Close
          • Image
            We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services.
            Learn More
        • Cloning Vectors
          • Close
          • Image
            We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services.
            Learn More
        • Genome Editing
          • Close
          • Image
            We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services.
            Learn More
        • Magnetic Beads
          • Close
          • Image
            We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services.
            Learn More
        • Molecular Biology Enzymes
          • Close
          • Image
            We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services.
            Learn More
        • Nucleic Acid Isolation Kits
          • Close
          • Image
            We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services.
            Learn More
        • Other
          • Close
          • Image
            We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services.
            Learn More
        • PCR Reagents
          • Close
          • Image
            We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services.
            Learn More
        • RNAi
          • Close
          • Image
            We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services.
            Learn More
        • Transfection Reagents
          • Close
          • Image
            We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services.
            Learn More
    • Proteins & Peptides
      • Close
        • Cell Line Lysates
          • Close
          • Image
            ALiCE® is a radically different approach to cell-free expression and a kit unlike any others.
            Learn More
        • Magnetic Beads for Protein Applications
          • Close
          • Image
            ALiCE® is a radically different approach to cell-free expression and a kit unlike any others.
            Learn More
        • Mass Spec Standards
          • Close
          • Image
            ALiCE® is a radically different approach to cell-free expression and a kit unlike any others.
            Learn More
        • Overexpression FFPE Cell Line Sections
          • Close
          • Image
            ALiCE® is a radically different approach to cell-free expression and a kit unlike any others.
            Learn More
        • Overexpression Lysates
          • Close
          • Image
            ALiCE® is a radically different approach to cell-free expression and a kit unlike any others.
            Learn More
        • Peptides and Blocking Peptides
          • Close
          • Image
            ALiCE® is a radically different approach to cell-free expression and a kit unlike any others.
            Learn More
        • Purified Natural Proteins
          • Close
          • Image
            ALiCE® is a radically different approach to cell-free expression and a kit unlike any others.
            Learn More
        • Recombinant Proteins
          • Close
          • Image
            ALiCE® is a radically different approach to cell-free expression and a kit unlike any others.
            Learn More
        • Synthetic Nanodiscs –
    • Reagents & Labware
      • Close
        • Carbohydrates
          • Close
          • Image
            Prepared from Arthrobacter luteus, Zymolyase has a highly effective lytic activity against yeast cell walls.
            Learn More
        • Gold & Silver Coated Substrates
          • Close
          • Image
            Prepared from Arthrobacter luteus, Zymolyase has a highly effective lytic activity against yeast cell walls.
            Learn More
        • Labware and Equipment
          • Close
          • Image
            Prepared from Arthrobacter luteus, Zymolyase has a highly effective lytic activity against yeast cell walls.
            Learn More
        • Other Enzymes
          • Close
          • Image
            Prepared from Arthrobacter luteus, Zymolyase has a highly effective lytic activity against yeast cell walls.
            Learn More
        • Reagents & Consumables
          • Close
          • Image
            Prepared from Arthrobacter luteus, Zymolyase has a highly effective lytic activity against yeast cell walls.
            Learn More
  • Research Areas
    • Close
    • 3D Cell Culture
      • Close
      • Imaging Solution –
      • Collagen Scaffold and Bio-Ink
      • ECM Hydrogels –
      • Cryopreservation of Organoids –
    • Cancer Research
    • Cardiovascular
    • Cell & Gene Therapy
      • Close
      • Genetically engineered iPSCs –
    • Cellular Metabolism
      • Close
      • Cell lines for diabetes and obesity research –
      • Cellular Respiration –
      • Ion Permeation Pathways –
      • Metabolic Biomarkers –
      • Oxidative Stress: Antioxidants and Free Radicals –
      • Post Glycolytic Pathways –
      • Post Krebs Cycle Pathways –
    • Cultured Meat
    • Epigenetics
    • Exosomes
    • Glycobiology
    • Immunology
    • Inflammation, Arthritis and Allergy
    • Neuroscience
    • Stem Cells
      • Close
      • Source
      • Grow and Store
      • Differentiate
        • Close
        • iPSC Differentiation Kits –
        • iPSC-Derived Cells –
        • Skeletal Muscle Differentiation Kits –
        • StemFit® For Differentiation Media –
        • StemFit Purotein® Recombinant Proteins –
      • Manufacture
  • Resources
  • Custom Services
    • Close
    • Lentivirus & AAV & more
      • Close
        • AAV –
        • Adenovirus –
        • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) –
        • Lentivirus packaging services –
        • MMLV Retrovirus –
        • MSCV Retrovirus –
        • Vaccinia Virus (VACV) –
        • Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) –
    • Molecular Biology
      • Close
        • Aptamer Design and Synthesis
        • CRISPR Gene Editing
        • Cytometry Service
        • Exosome Research Services
        • In Vitro Synthesised mRNA Service
        • NanoString Service
        • RNA & DNA Synthetic Standards
        • Spatial Biology Service –
        • Stable Cell Lines
        • Vector Cloning Service
    • Peptide & Antibody
      • Close
        • Licensing –
        • Monoclonal Antibody Service
        • Peptide Synthesis
        • Phospho Polyclonal Antibody
        • Polyclonal Antibody Service
        • Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody Service
    • Protein Expression
      • Close
        • Bacterial Protein Expression
        • Baculovirus Protein Expression
        • Cell Free Protein Expression
        • Mammalian Protein Expression
    • CAR-T Development –
    • Cell Based Assays
    • Drug Screening Service
    • Histochemistry
    • Magnetic Beads
    • Stem Cell Differentiation
    • Tissue Procurement
    • Custom Services Request Form –
  • GMP –
    • Close
    • AMSBIO’s Guide to GMP
    • GMP-Compliant Products & Services –
  • Support
    • Close
    • Contact Us
    • Distributors
    • FAQ –
    • Ordering Information
    • Product Citations
  • About Us
    • Close
    • AMSBIO Blog
    • Careers
    • Collaborate With Us –
    • Europa Biosite –
    • Events
Account
Settings
Language
USD Store
  • GBP Store
  • EUR Store
  • CHF Store
  • Secondary USD Store
  • Home
  • News
  • Decoding Small Noncoding RNAs: How vtRNA2-1 Impacts Gut Barrier Function

Exploring the Frontiers of Science: A Year in Review with AMSBIO
December 5, 2023
Breakthroughs in Neuromuscular Disease Research through 3D Modelling
September 5, 2023

Decoding Small Noncoding RNAs: How vtRNA2-1 Impacts Gut Barrier Function

Mammalian genomes are complex, housing a multitude of noncoding RNAs that play vital roles in gene regulation. Among these non-coding RNAs, are vault RNAs (vtRNAs) which are implicated in processes such as mRNA splicing, drug resistance, and tumorigenesis. However, their significance within the intestinal epithelium remains poorly understood. The intestinal epithelium is a critical line of defence against pathogens and harmful substances and relies on tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) to maintain its integrity. Dysfunctions in this barrier can allow toxic substances and bacteria to enter the bloodstream, increasing the risk of infections and sepsis. 

Professor Jian-Ying Wang and his team of researchers from the Cell Biology Group from the University of Maryland School of Medicine are particularly interested in vtRNA2-1. This gene’s expression is influenced by promoter methylation and is linked to a range of pathologies. Recently, Prof. Wang and his fellow researchers demonstrated that vtRNA expression in the intestinal mucosa changes significantly under stress conditions, particularly in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In their investigation, Prof. Wang and his colleagues used a custom lentiviral vector from AMSBIO to boost vtRNA2-1 expression in mice. Their findings have revealed vtRNA2-1 as a potential therapeutic target to protect intestinal epithelium function, particularly in the context of patients suffering IBD.  

Key Findings

  • vtRNA expression in the intestinal epithelium increases in response to stress. This was observed in mouse models subjected to conditions mimicking colitis and septic stress, as well as in intestinal mucosal tissue from patients with active IBDs ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. These findings indicate the potential involvement of vtRNAs in IBD. 
  • In vitro studies found vtRNA2-1 contributes to intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by reducing the expression of TJ proteins claudin 1, occludin, and AJ protein E-cadherin, which are essential for maintaining the epithelial barrier. Increases in vtRNA2-1 levels were therefore found to impact the epithelial barrier’s function, exacerbating its permeability. 
  • Ex vivo intestinal organoid models also showed that vtRNA2-1 overexpression disrupts the expression of claudin 1, occludin, and E-cadherin. Elevated vtRNA2-1 levels were also found to impair the function of secretory Paneth cells in the organoids. These effects have implications for the integrity and functioning of the intestinal epithelium. 
  • Prof. Wang’s team used a custom lentiviral vector from AMSBIO to induce vtRNA2-1 overexpression in mice to produce an in vivo model. Increasing vtRNA2-1 levels in mice exacerbated gut barrier vulnerability to septic stress, leading to increased permeability. Interestingly, vtRNA2-1 overexpression inhibited the growth of the small intestinal mucosa, particularly the proliferating crypt cell population, while having a minimal effect on Paneth cell function. 
  • An investigation into the mechanism of vtRNA2-1 revealed that it affects the expression of claudin 1, occludin, and E-cadherin post-transcriptionally. Wang and his fellow researchers found that vtRNA2-1 decreases the stability of E-cadherin mRNA, and inhibits the translation of claudin 1 and occludin without affecting their mRNA stability (Figure 1). 
  • Further exploration showed vtRNA2-1 represses the translation of claudin 1 and occludin by disrupting the RNA-binding protein HuR’s association with their mRNAs. This interaction between vtRNA2-1 and HuR plays a role in regulating epithelial barrier function by preventing HuR from binding to target mRNAs, thus inhibiting their expression (Figure 1). 

Conclusions

Prof. Wang’s research at the University of Maryland School of Medicine has revealed vtRNA2-1’s as a key player in gut barrier dysfunction during critical illnesses, through its effects on intestinal stability by influencing specific proteins and interacting with HuR. The elevated vtRNA levels in IBD patients suggests that it is a promising therapeutic target for safeguarding the gut barrier. Wang and his team’s research is paving the way for further exploration of vtRNAs as potential therapeutic targets in various clinical contexts. 

AMSBIO offer a comprehensive range of custom services for lentivirus, adenovirus, and AAV vectors. We specialize in designing and constructing vectors, ensuring reliable delivery of high-quality viral. Whether your research requires precision, potency, or versatility, our wide selection of expression vectors is here to support your next breakthrough. 

Further Reading

Ma, X. X., Xiao, L., Wen, S. J., Yu, T. X., Sharma, S., Chung, H. K., Warner, B., Mallard, C. G., Rao, J. N., Gorospe, M., & Wang, J. Y. (2023). Small noncoding vault RNA2-1 disrupts gut epithelial barrier function via interaction with HuR. EMBO reports, 24(2), e54925. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202254925  

Available online at: https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embr.202254925?saml_referrer  

Related Product Info Pages

AAV Particles

Adenoviral Particles

Lentiviral Particles

Lentivirus & AAV & more

Need Help Finding a Product?

Our reagent specialists are to help you find the best product for your application. Please Call or Email us and we will be happy to help you find the right product for the job.

Call us at

+41 (0) 91 604 55 22

+49 (0) 69 779099

+44 (0) 1235 828 200

+31 (0) 72 8080244

+1 (617) 945 5033

Email Us

Subscribe to our newsletter

Be the first to hear about upcoming events, product news, special offers, application notes, and more

  • This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Products

  • Biorepository
  • Molecular Biology
  • Antibodies
  • Proteins & Peptides
  • Cells & Cell Culture
  • Reagents & Labware
  • Kits & Assays
  • Bioseparation & Electrophoresis

Custom Services

  • Protein Expression
  • Lentivirus & Adenovirus
    & AAV
  • Peptide & Antibody
  • Tissue Procurement
  • Histochemistry
  • Stem Cell Differentiation
  • Cell Based Assays
  • Drug Screening Service
  • CAR-T Development
  • Magnetic Beads
  • Molecular Biology

Support

  • Product Citations
  • Contact Us
  • FAQ
  • Ordering Information
  • Distributors

About Us

  • Partners
  • Events
  • News
  • Careers

AMSBIO is a leading provider of quality life science research reagents and services.

Reg. in England and Wales no. 02117791.
ISO 9001 registered firm. Ⓒ2024

EORI Number: GB502237295000

Website Terms of Use - Terms of Sale - Privacy Policy Modern Slavery Statement