Purified Carbohydrates (Glycosaminoglycans)

Heparan Sulphate (HS) is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) made up of repeating disaccharide units of D-iduronic acid (IdoUA) or D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or N-sulfo-glucosamine. HS is the most common GAG on cell surfaces, and it serves as a co-receptor for a variety of growth factors, morphogenic proteins, and signalling structural components in the extracellular matrix, such as fibronectin and collagen.

We offer many formulations of Heparan Sulphates that vary in molecular size and sulphation, as well as a unique set of selectively-desulphated Heparan Sulphates, to aid research into this most intriguing of glycosaminoglycans.

Heparan Sulphate Oligosaccharides

We offer size ranges from dp4 to dp20 of Hep I Heparan Sulfate and Hep III Heparan Sulfate oligosaccharides (dp is degree of polymerisation, a dp4 is a tetrasaccharide, dp6 a hexasaccharide, dp8 an octasaccharide etc. up to dp20).

The specificities of the enzymes is to generate oligosaccharides from low-sulfated (Hep III digestion) and high-sulfated (Hep I digestion) regions of HS.

Heparin is a highly sulphated glycosaminoglycan found mostly in mast cell granules; its primary clinical use is as an anticoagulant, but its reactivity with a wide range of effector proteins suggests it could be used to treat a wide range of human diseases. Heparin has a chemical correlation with heparan sulphate (HS), a typical component of cell surfaces that regulates cell growth and development.

Heparin Oligosaccharides

Heparin oligosaccharides are available in the size range from dp4 to dp20.

Desulfated Heparin Oligosaccharides

Desulfated heparin oligos. help researchers to investigate the specific protein binding motifs in Heparin and HS GAGs.. Using these products in conjunction with heparin oligosaccharides and HepMers helps also to investigate the essential functional groups and specific oligosaccharide chain length required for high affinity/optimal protein interactions.

N-desulfated heparin, N-desulfated reN-acetylated heparin, 2-O-desulphated heparin and 6-O-desulphated heparin oligosaccharides are available in our product line.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan made up of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and  D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA). In cartilage, Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) is found as linear polysaccharide chains that are covalently attached to the core protein of proteoglycans.

The structure of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides (CSOs), especially their sulfation pattern, has been found to be closely related with many biological pathways and diseases. Herein, we allow customer to select the sulfation pattern of interest.

Chondroitin Sulfate oligosaccharides (dp4 – dp20) are included in our product line. Our chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides are isolated by high resolution gel filtration and partial GAG-endolyase scission.

For disaccharide analysis of chondroitin and dermatan sulphate, we provide the chondroitin/dermatan sulphate disaccharides and Unsaturated Chondro-Disaccharide (ΔDi-0S, ΔDi-4S, ΔDi-6S,and ΔDi-diSE) Δ (Delta) of ΔDi-0S, 4S, 6S and diSE refers to the unsaturated bond.

Dermatan Sulfate (DS) is a glycosaminoglycan (known as a mucopolysaccharide) that is mostly found in the skin, but also blood vessels, heart valves, tendons, and the lungs. Dermatan sulfate may play a functional role in coagulation, cardiovascular disease, carcinogenesis, infection, and wound repair research. We offer size ranges of dermatan sulfate dermatan sulfate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides/ degree of monosaccharide polymerization from dp4 to dp20.

Keratan Sulfate (KS) is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan made up of the repeating disaccharide units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and Galactose (Gal). KS is abundant in cartilage and cornea and exists as linear polysaccharide chains covalently linked to the protein core of proteoglycans.

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan made up of an alternating disaccharides sequence of 1,3 glucuronic acid (GlcA) and 1,4 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Its important function are regulating cell behaviour via specific interactions with cell surface receptors and extracellular proteins.

We offer size ranges of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides/ degree of monosaccharide polymerization from dp2 to dp 18. We also offers the purified single-size hyaluronic acid oligomers, Hyaluronic Acid Ladders Standards in three forms (Select-HA™, Mega-HA™ Ladder, and Nano-HA™).